MidTerm Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

MidTerm - Term Paper Example The language of the text appears to reflect typical speech patterns of a relatively wealthy and educated woman of that time, as is evident in the opening lines, written in the first person, which refer to antiquated concepts such as â€Å"ancestral halls† which have â€Å"something queer† about them (Gilman 1). The descriptive adjectives that the narrator uses to describe the setting are sensuous and exuberant, such as for example the â€Å"delicious† garden (Gilman 1) and the yellow wallpaper which has â€Å"one of those sprawling flamboyant patterns committing every artistic sin† (Gilman 2). This sharp power of observation contrasts with the narrator’s vague and hesitant mention of things to do with her husband’s medical work, such as for example the phrase â€Å"So I take phosphates or phosphites – whichever it is†. The narrator describes without irony how her husband calls her â€Å"a blessed little goose,† and the co mbination of her diffidence and his patronizing tone reveals that there is a clear hierarchy within the marriage. John dominates his wife, and she accepts infantilizing epithets as if it they are entirely natural and normal. At times the narrator uses strongly moral or even biblical language, as for example when she describes the wall-paper’s patchy appearance which shows it has been picked off despite the fact that it â€Å"sticketh closer than a brother† (Gilman 3). As the story progresses, the wallpaper assumes an increasingly powerful control over the narrator, and this is revealed in the compulsion that she feels to â€Å"follow that pointless pattern† (Gilman 4) which is endlessly repeated on the wall. Strange female forms appear in the pattern, as if they are trapped behind bars, and the subject matter of the latter half of the story is taken over by musings on the meaning of the paper, and its shifting appearance as the light changes from day to night. T he implications of this point of view are that the story represents the fate of women in general, imprisoned in marital obligation, and not allowed to escape into the fresh air of the world outside patriarchal dominance. As the wallpaper takes over the story, the narrator’s own personality retreats, so that in the end the subject matter is mainly the nocturnal musings of a woman who is losing her sense of self. The narratorial point of view does not change, since the whole story is told through the eyes of the main character, but as the story progresses the subject matter becomes more bizarre. The narrator is becoming one of the imprisoned women in the pattern, and the story shows the step by step descent into this pitiful condition. Clearly the narrator is unaware of the seriousness of this mental decline, since she makes light of the change in her daily routine, and imagines that she sees the woman in the paper creeping about outside the house. This is not a rational propos ition, but it is presented as a factual observation by the narrator, and no doubt makes sense to her. The narrator persona shifts from being an apparently normal woman, who has a vivid imagination and likes writing stories, into an unreliable describer of events. The growing unreliability of the narrative voice makes the ending very difficult to interpret, because there appears to be an element of delusion or

Martin Luther King speech Essay Example for Free

Martin Luther King speech Essay I think Martin Luther King’s speech make the strongest argument when Martin Luther King once said, I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin, but by the content of their character. This saying rang towards the steps of the Lincoln Memorial to the eager, listening ears of people who wanted reform. August 28, 1963, marked the day when Martin Luther King Jr. had changed more than just Washington. More than America. He had envisioned a life where everyone would be considered equal, and everyone would prosper. He had begun to change the world. This historic event took place 48 years ago, and many alterations in society have occurred since then. If Martin Luther King Jr. had never been born, however, racism and segregation would still exist and even burgeon. Martin Luther King Jr. was the exemplar for civil rights, the paragon of justice. Without him, life would be malevolent for me, an Indian from the hot, arid land where the Ganges runs free and nature is all-abundant. There would be no variety in America. The majority would constantly rule over the minority and tensions would erupt. Martin Luther King Jr. gave the minority a voice of reason and hope. When King spoke, he reached peoples hearts and minds at the same time. He dug down deep into issues of racial discrimination and presented alternatives of love and equality. Racists struck down his ideas, but others were moved and worked to better society as he wished. King was a loving man, one that wished people would listen and follow him but he did not force them. If Martin Luther King had never been born we would have never been able to, as a nation, act as a role model to help these countries on their quest to become industrialized nations. America would become full of arrogance, and we would not participate in national affairs with an open mind. The Declaration of Independence, a document which we hold in our hearts so fervently, summarizes Martin Luthers Kings purpose in life: We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal. Today, all men are indeed created equal, but would that have been recognized without this man who went against the norms of society and rose in the ranks

Discrimination is unfair treatment

Discrimination is unfair treatment Introduction Discrimination is nothing, but an unfair treatment against a person or group of people based on prejudice (Oxford Concise Dictionary). This would imply discriminating people on the basis of their gender, race, religion, caste, class, age, disability, migration, genetic disposition, physical appearance, etc etc. Discrimination at workplaces among gender is a matter of serious concern for organizations all over India. Talking about gender biases, women in India still remain the largest group that faces discrimination in workplaces. Even in todays world, women comprise of only 2 per cent of the total managerial strength in the Indian corporate sector. While more and more women are joining the corporate, with better salaries and even at senior levels, their pay equity compared with their male counterparts is still a disappointment. Discrimination at workplaces can come from any of the sides, whether be from the employers or the employee itself. When we talk about the employee itself, we take into consideration the way new employees are treated or welcomed by the existing ones. The effect of this may last for a long time, if not amongst them, but in the organization, as this could be seen in the form of negative feedback one may get in return of his work. Discrimination leads to psychological and emotional disturbances leading to demoralization which further affects the performance and the standard of work output. It is so truly said that discrimination results in the wastage of human resources and their talent. This is mostly seen with women. Man and woman play an important and equal role in the society. In India from centuries it has been noticed that women are and considered an oppressed class and are neglected. During the national struggle for independence, Gandhi gave a call of emancipation of women. He wrote -: I am uncompromising in the matter of womens rights. The difference in sex and physical form denotes no difference in status. Woman is the complement of man, and not inferior. The constitution of India declares that all are equal in front of the law. Gender inequality can also be termed as gender bias, which refers to the differences made among individuals based on their gender, that is, male and female or girl and boy. Initially this problem was seen in rural India as people considered a girl child a burden on them, but now this is also seen in urban India in areas such as offices, organizations, institutions, society etc etc. The gender inequality in the workplace is one of the high rated issues that have been publicly ringing through society for years. It refers to the hidden disparities among individual based on gender performance which is seen towards women. In order to identify this situation we must try to get to the root of the problem and must understand sociological factors that cause women to have much more difficult times getting the same wages, profits and job opportunities as their male complements. The society in which we live right now have been shaped patriarchal for centuries. Before the industrial revolution most people worked in and near their homes, whether they were involved in farming or making clothes or pottery. In certain situations one would notice men going to far off places like towns or cities for work and a better wage, but women on the other hand have always continued to be there at home and carry on the work of her and her husbands share ( when he is not around ). But this situation changed when modern industry appeared in the late 19th century, which saw a drastic separation between home and workplace. In terms of employment as well as promotion in work and occupation, women often face greater handicap than men. Women are, and have been, entering the workplace in rapid numbers. Evidence shows that middle and upper class women are prospering even though discrimination is prevailing in the society. When talking about the women in the workplace, often the term glass-ceiling is used referring to the imaginary career barrier that seemingly impedes a womans ability to rise to the top ranks. Even though there has been a diminishing gender gap in labour forces as women are entering work, literature shows that gender discrimination still persists in Indian workplaces. As anthropologist Gayle Rubin (1975:178) said, a taboo against the sameness of men and women (divides) the sexes into two mutually exclusive categories (and) thereby creates gender. It has been seen that men usually enjoy certain benefits without having worked for them, which a women doesnt just because they are males. The word gender in itself signifies the advantage males have over females (Acker 1990:146; 1999; Britton 2000; Risman 1998). It is the societies who create and maintain the gender differences and these can be seen in a number of ways. Division of work according to sexes is a fundamental concept of work which is brought about by organizational practices ( Acker 1999; Ely and Meyerson 2000; Ridgeway and Smith Lovin 1999) HISTORY Initially it was seen in India that women were not treated equally and fairly in comparison to their male counterparts. They were deprived of a lot of facilities and were not given the privilege of education, work, owe property or even vote. It was believed that women were meant to stay at home, raise the children, serve the family and carry out all the domestic household work. But during the 1800s efforts were made for the first time to bring about equality amongst gender. In the early part of this century coeducation started at least at the university level and laws were made to bring about equality. From then things have improved but still discrimination and unequal treatment against women persists THEORITICAL FRAMEWORK The fundamental explanatory theories for gender inequality are as follows: Human capital theory Socialization Overt discrimination The dual labour market HUMAN CAPITAL THEORY Human capital theories attribute gender inequality and occupational segregation to lower education and skill levels found among women ( Estevez-Abe 2005: 184). In other words, it means that, people with more skills, knowledge, experience etc etc are more likely to get better jobs. It has been noticed that women normally end up in part time jobs or less desirable jobs as compared to men, meaning jobs that demand less skills. According to this theory, women invest less in education and formal training in comparison to men because of traditional family role (Ibid, 351) which are to raise the children, serve the family and carry out the household work (Becker 1982 cited in Estevez-Abe 2005:184). Also, this theory suggests, that women avoid fields where there are rapid changes such as technological, innovative changes. Literature shows that those occupations requiring less investment of time, money and training are now the ones with lower returns and female based (Marini 1989: 352; Rosenf eld 1984:57). Human capital theory also says that the extent to which an individual will differ in the variables such as prior experience, hours of working, education, knowledge, marital status, etc etc, their worth in the labour market will be affected in return. No matter even if a woman has same qualifications, experience and are at the same position to that of a man in opposite still she earns less in comparison to him (Padavic and Reskin 2002). SOCIALIZATION Socialization also helps in explaining gender inequality. Theories based on socialization say that it is through childhood and the way they socially interact that the individuals place is determined in the society or workplace (Tomaskovic Devey 1993: 8). According to this theory, it is the society who sets out the appropriate roles and occupations for an individual (Rosenfeld 1984:57). In other words, men and women accept the roles based on gender laid out by the society for them. They also value them as thats what they learn through socialization over a period of time. These roles are mostly the rules, norms and regulations of a society (Konrad, Corrigal, Lieb Ritchie 2000: 109). This also affects the way one conducts himself or herself and his or her ambitions leading to division of labour where women specialize in household and family activities and men in occupation and market. They way one socializes as a child plays a very important role in shaping his future and career life. Socialization has a very important and predominant role in an individuals life. It is the socially constructed norms and values of the society that brings about gender inequality in workplaces as well. No matter how modern one may be, he still has to stay in a society and follow its rules and regulations. If he tries to change or go against them consequences that follow are not desirable and of choice OVERT DISCRIMINATION Progression has been of no good to women when it comes to the way they are treated at workplaces. Overt and covert discrimination continues to affect them in workplaces. Much of the treatment is covert but then one cannot deny the fact that overt also continues. Here (overt discriminating treatment) one sees how the men especially the White men are dominant in the society making the rules and regulations. They have an upper hand and advantage in the labour market. Women pose a treat to these White men (Reskin 1988). Evidence show that how historically White men used labour unions to exclude women from well paying jobs THE DUAL LABOUR MARKET According to the dual labour market theory, men and women earn different incomes because they work in different segments of the labour market. Women are mostly found working in the areas which comprise of low incomes and benefits. Therefore, equal pay for equal work is just a principle which only applies to a very handful of people as women are never engaged in equal work. According to the dual labour market theory the market is divided into two markets namely the primary market and the secondary market. In the primary labour market, jobs are relatively stable, wages are also good and opportunities for advancement exist. Basically primary jobs are found in large organizations as they comprise of more stable jobs, better working environment and benefits. Example of this would mean working in a MNC under the management head. On the other hand, secondary markets are the ones having few turnovers, small profits, not many stable jobs and also poor working environment. Example of this would be working a serving person in a fast food restaurant. These are short time or part time jobs. Under this theory one sees that most of the women would be employed in the secondary labour market and not the primary labour market. The primary labour market itself is divided into two tiers the first tier and the second tier. The first tier consists of high status professional and organizational jobs with more autonomy whereas on the other hand second tier consists of the working class with less autonomy such as semi skilled blue collar jobs. Women are found in large percentages under the informal sector of the labour market where there is a wide wage gap and low or no benefits. People or companies would hire such people in an under the table manner which would have no records of them and also not pay them their profit share. Under this theory it is also said that men and women are employed in different occupations and if they were in the same occupation then they would be doing different jobs. This is called occupation segregation LITERATURE According to Joanne Naiman, men are considered breadwinners and womens place is at home (Joanne Naiman 1997: 250-51). This viewpoint is not surprising as history shows how it is the men who have been the policy makers and shape the society as they perceive and want it. They have always been dominating the society. For example in Joanne Naimans book, there is an excerpt from Gustave Le Bonne, a Parisian in 1879, in which he openly compared most of the female brains with that of gorillas and stated the inferiority (of women) is so obvious that no one can contest it for the moment; only its degree is worth discussing. (Quoted in Joanne Naiman 1997: 250). Another instance can be traced from Carol Travis book titled The Mismeasurement Of Woman where she states that left hemisphere of the brain deals with intelligence and reasoning and right on the other hand with passion, sex and other such similar concepts. It was said that men were considered to have an advanced or better left brain in comparison to women. But later some where in the 1960s and 70s scientists found out that it was the right hemisphere of the brain that was source of intelligence, imagination, reasoning, creativity etc etc and men had more of this brain now (Carol Tavris 1992:48). Both the above citations clearly show that how society would see women to be inferior to men and not smart enough to carry out jobs which would deal with thinking and reasoning and these were the main causes as why women were not treated equally at workplaces. It was because of these mindsets that women were not given the freedom to work and if they were to work, they had to always prove themselves worthy in comparison to men at every step and were not treated equally. This could be in the form of them not getting the equal pay as her male colleague or not promoted or anything for that matter. Ergo, puts the viewpoint across and says that all those jobs which need supervision are female jobs such as a nurse, secretary, receptionists etc etc. To show this point he uses the case story (Mustapha Koc 1999) where Mary, the wife, was given the responsibility and job of a secretary and accountant of the family business and her husband was the boss. Even though they husband and wife, still they did not share the responsibilities that they could have of the family business in the office. This was because the society had outlined the role and position for Mary. Because of the norms and rules of the society Mary had to quit her job from the bank as she had children now and had to become a housewife. This is another example as to how women are not treated equally in workplace and society. Theodore Caplow (The Sociology of Work, 1954) identifies the reasons as to what make it difficult for women to compete with men in the general labour markets. The reasons mentioned are Womens primary role and social status as housewife and mother, the secondary economic role of women as family breadwinners / providers, the large number of women in society for whom paid employment was as option, rather than a necessity and the historical (cultural) domination of the workplace by men. Walby in the similar lines of that of Caplow but in greater emphasis argues that male domination in workplace has created a cultural setting in which women play a largely peripheral role. It is clearly seen in our everyday lives how women are asked to take care of the households, family and children. How she has to quit from her job when her children are born and how it is all her duty to bring up the children along with taking care of the others at home. How as a child they asked to play with dolls and some sort of indoor games called house house or teacher teacher. While playing these games how they would treat their dolls as if they were her children and take care of them. At school asked to take extra curricular activities involving subjects like home science, stitching, nursing. It is very clearly visible how women are not treated equality to men and this brings about gender inequality. As Haralambos (Themes and Perspectives) notes a point: Women face a number of disadvantages in paid work. Firstly, they tend to be lower paid than men. Secondly, they are more-likely to be in part-time work. Thirdly, they tend to concentrated in the lower reaches of the occupations in which they work. Fourthly, women tend to do particular types of jobs, usually those with low status. Media also has a major role in this. It also lets subjects or categorises womens role to household. Most of the household advertisements are also accounted towards women and any with power, authority, position, strength toward men. This also shapes the role of men and women. Societies have shaped the role of a women to such a limitation that even if she gets a job by going against the norms of the society, she would not be able to go far in her career. The reason for this would be that the society will not be able to see a women doing better and at a better position that men. About 75 percent of the jobs in the well paying professions are held by men and even if women are able to get equal jobs as men they still get paid considerably less (David Bender and Bruno Leone 1989: 75). For that matter one sees that certain jobs of women are such manipulated and are of a certain standard of measurement when they do not get maternal leaves from companies they are employed in (David Bender and Bruno Leone 1989: 74). Once they have left their job it becomes very hard for them to get back to the professional ladder. But when we talk about inequality amongst gender in workplace, this could also be for the fact that there are certain job positions that could only be filled by certain genders, such as army officers. Even though there has been a number of movements that are trying to get rid of this inequality and some have also been successful but this has also shown a downfall in the society by the number of rape, sexual harassment, verbal violence, etc cases at workplaces which puts a doubt in the minds of women and are made to think twice if they should even take up that job and position. Religion and culture also say that the roles of men are different from that of women. Mankind has taught that men are superior to women ( Babara Kantowitz 1986). This notion is taught to all from a very early age normally which have lead people to think and believe that males are better than women, therefore, should get better job opportunities and no compromise should be made in this aspect. This gender inequality ahs always been there and still continues to exists. THE CONCEPT OF A DUAL ROEL OR DOUBLE SHIFT Barron and Norris argue that men can work in both the sectors, be it primary or secondary, but they are most likely to be found in the primary sector in contrast to women, who are found mostly in the secondary sector. This is because women are more likely to take up jobs where you are paid less and that are flexible in nature. This observation relates to the idea that women tend to have a dual role. Dual role can be expressed in the way that bringing up the child is primary and supplementing family income is secondary. It based on the primary role for women as to where and when can they work. This further affects the market situation for men. It is for this reason and fact that women work in secondary sectors. It is because of the reason mentioned above that women are not generally able to commit themselves in a long term careers. The general structure of womens lives is less well adapted to the demands of professional employment. In history it has been seen as an evidence that how for a variety of reasons women had been less organized than men in the workplace (especially in relation to Trade Union organization and membership) and how, therefore, more-easily dismissed or made redundant than men.

Hamlet: A Tool of a Higher Power Essay -- Shakespeare Hamlet Essays

Hamlet: A Tool of a Higher Power Throughout Shakespeare's Hamlet, it seems that a higher spiritual power is influencing the events taking place in the state of Denmark. A ghost of the recently deceased King Hamlet appears to Young Hamlet telling him of his "most foul and most unnatural murder" (1.5.30). This begins a chain of events leading up to the martyrdom of Hamlet, and the spiritual cleansing of the throne of Denmark. Firstly, Hamlet sees the evil and contemptible state of life in Denmark. Gertrude, Hamlet's mother and the Queen of Denmark, marries his Uncle soon after the death of his father. ". . .The funeral baked meats did coldly furnish forth the marriage tables" (1.2.189-90). Depressed, and most likely confused, Hamlet speaks his first soliloquy in the play, else named 'the dram of evil' speech, ". . . Frailty, thy name is woman!— A little month, or ere those shoes were old With which she followed my poor father's body Like Niobe, all tears—why she, even she married with my uncle . . . With such dexterity to incestuous sheets! It is not, nor it can not come to good." (1.2.152-158,163-4). In addition, Hamlet sees the corruption in Denmark when the ghost of his recently deceased father appears to him. The ghost claims that... ...een dies from drinking Hamlet's poisoned drink, and when Hamlet realized he is not going to live to see another day, he kills the King, thus taking his revenge. Fortinbras, the Prince of Norway, takes over the throne, while Horatio (Hamlet's one true friend) tells the story of the awful, evil deeds done in the state of Denmark. Furthermore, the deaths of the nobility of Denmark act as a sort of 'spiritual cleansing', meaning that all the wrong-doing had been revenged and paid for by the deeds at the end of the play. All the evil, and the foul doings of Denmark had been absolved by the deaths of the main characters. Hamlet is also considered a martyr because he was a good person who died, so that he could, in essence, cause the purification that returned the natural order of things in the state of Denmark.

Analysing And Contrasting Two Poems Essay

The poet has described the sound of the whistle as a melody, which gives us the impression of a sound, which is very popular to the workers and a part of their daily routines. â€Å"The melody men & women built lives around†. This gives us an image of the workers being very unhappy with their Jobs because it mentioned that they have built lives around work. This implies that either they have been forced to work or that they have no other option to choose from because they have had to change their lifestyles to adapt to their jobs. The poet has compared the whistle to a queen bee by using a simile, â€Å"Sonorous as the queen bee’s fat hum drawing workers from the flowers back to the colonized heart. † This is a very good comparison because it shows how the whistle is similar to the queen bee. The whistles â€Å"Syncopation† wakes up the workers where as the â€Å"queen bee’s fat hum† calls the working bees from the flowers and back to the beehive, which is also the workplace of all the people. The workplace is referred to as the â€Å"colonized heart† because all the workers make up a single colony or a strong organisation, which is the key ingredient to a company, as if the heart is to the humans. Without the heart, we are nothing and the same goes for the workplace, no workers means no business. The whistle is also known to be loud. The first nine lines are a very effective part of the poem as it not only sets the scene but also describes what the whistle is and what it exactly does. The poet has now decided to begin to describe where the workers work. He does this by describing a piece of machinery, â€Å"a titanous puff of steam rose from the dragon trapped below iron, bricks and wood†. This quote is an example of personification because the â€Å"dragon trapped below† has been given a living characteristic which is the dragon. The poet gives us an image of fire by using a dragon, which is known to breathe fire. This image also gives us the idea that the workplace could possibly be a factory of some kind. This image of a dragon breathing out fire seem as though it would come from a child’s point of view especially because the image of a dragon is a myth. This nostalgic way of writing is very effective because it puts a clearer image of what exactly goes on and with this writing technique, many writers can create good linguistic devises. The next couple of lines give us a clearer view of what the factory could be. I believe that the factory could be a logging mill, â€Å"the whole black machine shuddered: blue jays & red birds wove light through leaves & something dead under the foundation brought worms to life†. The reason I believe it could be a logging mill is that I get the impression from this quote that a tree is being pulled out of the soil and worms are being exposed to the outside world. I believe that the â€Å"whole black machine† could be a piece of machinery, which is pulling the tree out of the ground. By doing this the wildlife, such as birds, which live in the tree, have been frightened by the sudden movement. The movement of the tree has now exposed the worms to sunlight, which has also caused sudden movement. I believe that this is the true meaning, however, Yusef Komunyakaa could be implying something totalling different. The black machine could be the whistle, which caused a loud vibration, which led to the sudden movement of the birds. This whistle has people working and waking up the foremen and employers. Yusef Komunyakaa could also be implying that the foremen are worms considering that they are white. Lines eighteen to twenty discuss the narrative of the men arriving to work, â€Å"men capped their thermoses, switched off Loretta Lynn, & slid from trucks and cars†. These lines are very unambiguous and straightforward. These three lines allow us to set a date the poem was written in. The poet mentioning Loretta Lynn allows us to date the poem because we know that she was a country singer and she made a number one hit in 1961. From this, we now know that the poem was probably written during the 1960’s. The poet has now described more about what the workers jobs consist of and I believe that this gives more evidence backing my prediction of the factory being a logging mill, â€Å"the rip saws throttled and swung out over logs on conveyer belts†. Here the poet has used personification to Describe the ripsaws. The word throttled means to strangle or choke. This gives us an image of aggression, however, up until this point of the poem there has been no mention of violence, this foreshadows something, which could possible happen later on in the poem. The equipment which have been described are heavy duty machinery, by this we understand that the logging mill is a very big factory and this leads to the question of, how many workers there are?

Economic Impacts Of The Tourism Tourism Essay Essay Example

Economic Impacts Of The Tourism Tourism Essay Essay Example Economic Impacts Of The Tourism Tourism Essay Essay Economic Impacts Of The Tourism Tourism Essay Essay Today, touristry is one of the largest and dynamically developing sectors of external economic activities. It has a great function in economic sciences, development, substructure and employment of any state. Now it has become a largest dynamically developing sector in 3rd universe. It has grown at an accelerated gait the last decennaries and prognosiss in of all time faster rate growing into the new millenary, with Europe and Asia become the 2nd finish by 2020.According to statistics, touristry provide 10 % of the worlds income. Most extremely in European developed states, such as UK, France, Switzerland and Austria have a large trade of their societal economic public assistance on net incomes of touristry. Because beginning of the universe, for human travel for their demand. ( Wattanakuljarus, 2006 ) . Tourism is the impermanent motion of the people to finishs outside their normal topographic points of plants and abode, the activities undertaken during their stay in those topographic points and the facilitates created the cater their demands. It besides the collectives of all activities, services which can be delivered a travel experience, transit, adjustment, feeding and other cordial reception going off from places. ( cabdirect.org, 2012 ) In the twenty-first century, touristry is one of the biggest sustainable issues for any state. It is the major beginning for many states. Harmonizing to United Nations World Tourism Organization ( UNWTO ) , approximately one billion people travel all over the universe and gaining $ 1,972.8bn in 2012 and entire gross over 3 million dollars. In Europe, 4 % addition than 2011. Harmonizing to touristry section statistics of UK, about $ 127.9 billion and employs more than 1.5 billion people in hotels, eating house, travel, bureaus, and museums. Many people become employees for touristry. It is the good for the UK. ( UNWTO one-year study 2011 ) So my study is about the importance of touristry in a developed state. Body: 1. Positive impacts of touristry of a state: Now-a-days touristry is one of the biggest industries of a state. It has many positive sides because it contributes in economic system of a state. 1.1Economic impacts of the touristry: Tourism creates occupations, through direct and indirect employment in touristry industry and in many sectors such as retail, adjustment and transit. Because these people spend their money for goods and services. Foreign exchange net incomes Contribution to authorities grosss Employment coevals Stimulation of substructure investing Contribution to local economic systems it is known as multiplier consequence making more occupations. The touristry industry besides provides many chances for little every bit good as large graduated table endeavors, which are really of import for rural communities and generates excess revenue enhancement grosss, such as hotel revenue enhancements and service revenue enhancements which are uses to develop this state. There are some economic impacts given below, Occupations: Employment can be straight related as tour usher or managerial place, or back uping services like nutrient production or retail providers. Increased disbursement: The community can bring forth from visitants by increasing disbursement to advance the liability of local concern. Economic variegation: Tourism operators play a part to foreground the prosperity that touristry can convey to state and will lend to a greater for the value of touristry. ( nationalparks.gov.uk, 2012 touristry concern and, 1999 ) A record 982 billion international tourers traveled the universe in 2011, an addition of 4.6 % compared to 2010. The latter amounted to an estimated $ 196 billion in 2011 conveying entire grosss generated by international touristry to $ 1.2 trillion. The Numberss of tourers are increasing and the income is increasing. We can give an illustration of UK touristry. There is characteristic of UK. Figure 01: figure of tourers in UK in 2011 Figure 02: entire gross of UK of last 3 old ages. ( Tourism confederation of UK, 2011 and UNWTO one-year study, 2011 ) 1.2Social impacts of touristry: Socially touristry has a great influence on the host societies. Tourism can be beginning of international cordiality, peace and common apprehension and a corrupter of autochthonal civilizations, a beginning of ecological devastation, an assault of people s privateness, and genuineness. There are some positive societal impacts of touristry, Developing positive attitudes about each other. Learning about each other s civilization and imposts. Reduce negative perceptual experience and idea. Bettering friendly relationship. Bettering pride, grasp, apprehension, regard and tolerance for others behavior and civilization. Bettering the self-pride of hosts and tourers. Psychological satisfaction with interaction. ( The economic and societal impact of touristry, 2012 ) 1.3. Environmental impacts of touristry: Tourism is peculiarly related to nature and ecotourism helps to advance the care of the wild life and natural resources like woods etc. these are regarded as touristry assets. It helps to do support for the protection of the animate being and Marine Parkss through entryway charges and usher fees. By making alternate beginnings of employment, touristry reduces many jobs like over-fishing and deforestation. Here are some positive environmental impacts of touristry, Direct fiscal part to the state. Contributions to the authorities grosss Improved environmental direction and planning. Protection and saving of the national resources. Alternate employment of the people. ( gdrc.org, 2012 ) 2. The negative impacts of touristry of a state: Every sector has some negative impacts. Tourism is non free from those. There are some negative impacts of touristry. They are, 2.1. Environmental impacts of touristry: Tourism poses a menace to natural and cultural resources, like H2O supply, beaches, coral reefs and heritage sites. It causes increased pollution through traffic emanations, littering, increased sewerage production and noise. Although touristry can interrupt ecosystem and environment, and touristry can besides be the really drift for good landscape otherwise vulnerable to industrial development. 2.1. Cultural impacts of touristry: Culture is the main affair of touristry and sing unusual civilizations can be educational ; and profitable for the community, but touristry is a needfully invasive procedure that thrusts traditional communities into modern universe, handling their distinguishable life styles and cultural merchandises. 2.2. Economic impacts of touristry: Tourism is for net income because it is its primary intent. so it the local regional country. But the fiscal load shouldered by a community to construct and keep the touristry industry is a consideration. Tourism development besides opens communities to advancement by seaward corporations supplying services to tourers, funneling the biggest net incomes from locals. Successful touristry relies on set uping a basic substructure. The cost of this falls on the authorities It has come out of revenue enhancement grosss. Jobs created by touristry are frequently seasonal and ailing paid. Money from the truism is non ever profit for the local community. Destination dependant on touristry can be affected by events like terrorist act, natural catastrophes and economic recessions. Successful touristry relies on set uping a basic substructure, such as roads, visitant centres and hotels. The cost of this normally falls on the authorities, so it has to come out of revenue enhancement grosss. Jobs created by touristry are frequently seasonal and ailing paid, yet touristry can force up local belongings monetary values and the cost of goods and services. Money generated by touristry does non ever profit the local community, as some of it leaks out to immense international companies, such as hotel ironss. Destinations dependant on touristry can be adversely affected by events such as terrorist act, natural catastrophes and economic recession. there are four basic negative economic impacts of touristry, Inflation Escape Infrastructure Incidental expense 2.3. Political impacts of touristry: Tourism is touted that means to shut spreads between peoples, civilizations and faiths, but difference of wealth and life style between locals and tourers in some countries can be bitterness. ( Positive A ; Negative impacts of Tourism, ehow,2012 ) Decision: Therefore, the predating study shows that the impact of touristry in a state can be both positive or negative, whether it comes to economic, societal, or environmental effects. It depends to which extent touristry is developed in a peculiar part, which is to state the bound of the incoming influence that does non harm the host state. If we overcome that bound negative impacts of touristry will follow. Here is a figure which show the kineticss between the peoples, resources and touristry that make a positive part to others, Tourism Education: economic system Benefits: inter cultural value Environmental protagonism grosss Local state biological diverseness All the three elements in this theoretical account are co-related. Local state uses the resources but they protect them. Tourists can bask and derive cognition about it. But they besides pollute their environment and destruct it. So the local hosts draw their attending to alone natural resources in the country. They affect the tourers by giving them consciousness of their civilization and manner of life. The tourer s impact in the local populations can be foremost of all economic by bring forthing income, developing resources, sharing cognition and experience. And we should bear in head about co-interaction. In order to diminish the negative impacts about Tourism, there are some suggestions in below, The local people should be involved in touristry industries as employees. The organisations should collaborate with the local concern. Tourists should hold respectful head to the local civilization. They should protect and continue the natural resources. The circuit operators should be cognizant of ecological hotels, conveyance and eating house. It should be guarantee the equal distribution of economic benefits. We see it is a great challenge to do a profitable concern running touristry in an country without some negative consequence. It is possible for the touristry industry to collaborate with other industries and convey benefits to both touristry organisation and local concern. The first measure is to accomplish the apprehension of both the hosts and tourers.

The portrayal of children and family relationships in A Christmas Carol by Dickens Essay Example

The portrayal of children and family relationships in A Christmas Carol by Dickens Essay Example The portrayal of children and family relationships in A Christmas Carol by Dickens Paper The portrayal of children and family relationships in A Christmas Carol by Dickens Paper Essay Topic: A Christmas Carol A Christmas carol was written by Charles Dickens in 1843 it is a novel about a man called Scrooge journeying through Christmass past, present and future, he is ultimately transformed from an arrogant, obstinate and insensitive old man to a generous, warm hearted and caring human being. Dickens uses a wide range of techniques in A Christmas carol to portray his thoughts and feelings; he uses repetition, effective language, powerful verbs, unique imagery and a variety of sentence lengths and punctuation. The first family scene that I felt was important was a family scene at the Cratchits; Dickens describes children in a way that was not always deemed correct in Victorian times. Every child was conducting itself like forty, this tells me that Dickens doesnt want children to experience what he had to in his childhood, Dickens was sent to work in a factory when he was young to support his family, as shown in this quote he wants them enjoy themselves to the full In the first Cratchit scene the younger Cratchits are dancing, the young cratchets danced around the table, dickens condones the childrens actions and is happy they are having fun. Dickens uses imagery to involve us in the Christmas meal and make us see what they are eating, Dickens also shows how close families are no matter how troubled, using a Christmas pudding; nobody said or thought it was at all small pudding for a large pudding. The size doesnt cross the familys mind and as long as they are all together they are happy. In the scene, Dickens uses the phrase, Universal admiration, to describe how the family feel about the goose. It shows that even though they havent got a real turkey they dont take anything for granted. The phrase implies that the whole universe admires it but in reality its just an average goose. Following on, in the next family scene you see the closeness of the Cratchits on Christmas day. Dickens also uses the idea of their dinner to portray closeness within the family: at last all the dishes were set on, and grace was said. This is in contrast to the Upper Classes of the day when the adults would entertain guests and the children would eat separately. It shows the closeness a poor family can share without much money. In the scene with the goose Dickens uses the phrase, Universal admiration, to describe how the family feel about the goose. It shows that even though they havent got a real turkey they dont take anything for granted. The phrase implies that the whole universe admires it but in reality its just an average goose. Dickens uses his narrative style with a variety of sentence lengths and verbs to capture the intensity of the scene, he sets the pace of the scene and ensures it gives us the impression that the family are all rushing with excitement and to show his thoughts about how Christmas should be celebrated: two smaller Cratchits came tearing in, screaming. This quote shows the excitement of the children with the words: tearing and screaming. These are not words normally associated with happy children but using an eleven-line sentence, his narrative style and these verbs, Dickens ensures that the scene is fast, boisterous, detailed and joyous. Furthermore he also uses his original imagery very well in this Cratchit scene: potatoes bubbling up, knocking loudly to be let out. This image keeps in well with the franticness of the scene, when the family are getting the dinner ready, as the potatoes need to knock loudly to be heard over all of the noise and amount that is happening. When the second of the three spirits appears two new characters are introduced, a girl called want and a boy called ignorance. Dickens describes want and ignorance as twisted and unreal: No change, no degradation, no perversion of humanity. The repetition of no implies that there is no hope or future for these children, Dickens uses the word perversion to imply that the children are unnatural and twisted and if they were any other children he would use a much kinder and warmer word because he is such a lover of children. Dickens uses a variety of adjectives to create imagery to describe ignorance and want: yellow, meagre, ragged, scowling, wolf like. He attempts to give the reader an animal like image; the word wolf like gives the image thin and repulsive to make us the readers think of them as anything but children. Ragged and scowling support the wolf like image because those words are normally what we associate wolves with. The word scowling interested me because I feel that normal children cry but wolves scowl and I can imagine the children doing that when they arent happy or dont condone something. The mood and atmosphere changes greatly in the second scene involving the Cratchits this is mainly due to tiny Tims death, Dickens writes in a style that shows he is shocked of how the atmosphere differs in both scenes, he uses repetition to show the mellow atmosphere quiet, very quiet. Dickens gives us the impression that he is unsure whether these are really the Cratchits, the repetition worked well because it is almost like a question, are they really that quiet? It seems like he doesnt want it to be the Cratchit children because they were so happy at one point, so he is waiting for the answer yes it isnt really the Cratchit children, it is almost as if he is feeling the Cratchits pain. Dickens uses the simile still as statues to give us an image of the Cratchits not moving at all, not running and dancing around the table! The Cratchits are all upset because of the death of Tiny Tim and small things persist in making them even lower: the colour hurt my eyes, the colour reminds them of vibrant and colourful Tiny Tim. Tiny Tim played an important role in the Cratchit family and once he has gone Dickens style of writing changes from an upbeat and happy style to a sad, emotional and mellow style. To conclude I feel that Dickens does portray his thought and feelings in A Christmas Carol and you can tell what he is feeling and you can tell what kind of a man he is and what he thinks about children, he doesnt go along with traditional Victorian views enjoys seeing children play and be happy and when they are not he lets you know that isnt happy about it.

Willy Russell’s Popular Play Educating Rita Essays

Willy Russell’s Popular Play Educating Rita Essays Willy Russell’s Popular Play Educating Rita Essay Willy Russell’s Popular Play Educating Rita Essay No, So-so Macbeth brings it on himself? Ritas short sentences show her growing intrigue, but also reinforce her ignorance due to her social upbringing. All the way through prior to Frank speaking, he seems to be extremely hesitant when hes about to speak to Rita. Almost as if he doesnt want to patronise her with the technical language he uses, I. e. Well-erm look; Towards the end of the scene, Rita realises her own ignorance towards these ertain aspects of language. Frank says, Its quite easy really, Rita. And Rita replies, It is for you. I just thought it was just a dead exciting story. But the way you tell it, you make me see all sorts of things in it. Its fun, tragedy isnt it? All them out there, they know all about this sort of thing dont they? . Rita thinking tragedy is fun is most certainly unintentionally ironic. In addition I think Rita is impressed with Franks knowledge, although Frank is more in admiration for Rita, as he rarely comes across people that equal her calibre of intelligence. What he doesnt realise is that whilst hes appy teaching Rita now, he is slowly changing Rita in to the person she dreams of being. Frank likes Rita as she is, and admires her because shes different, So if Frank had the benefit of hindsight, perhaps he wouldnt of put so much effort into teaching Rita. Shortly after the above scene, Rita and Frank are again alone and in one of their lessons. Rita is daydreaming, she likes the idea of being a proper student. She looks down onto the lawn below Franks office as she says, I love that lawn down there. In the summer do they sit on it? Here we can see Rita is becoming very envious of the students. She admires their lifestyle and her need to become one of them is slowly becoming clearer. Frank however sees the students as nothing but mislead inhabitants of a rich snobbish culture, and he barely shows any respect for them. But as the scene unfolds, Rita starts to describe her school life to Frank, and we can he that he starts to realise that not many people have access to an education, for many different reasons. Nah, just normal, y know; borin, ripped up books, broken glass everywhere. Knives an fights. An that was just the staff room. Nah, they tried their best I suppose, always telling us we stood a better chance if we studied. But studying was for the wimps, wasnt it? See if Id started takin school seriously Id a been different from my mates, and thats not allowed. Here the audience get a vivid picture of what Ritas school life was actually like. The peer pressure was obviously immense, and so now is the only time in Ritas life, she has had the chance to admit her true feelings and ambitions. She is again using humour as a vehicle for serious issues, always trying to make light of her dismal past. There was clearly no work ethos in Ritas school, and so now she desperately wants to regain that opportunity of having an education. In Ritas last speech of the scene, she reveals that despite her poor and uneducated background, she would always question life. She says that there was always something tappin away, telling me I might have got it all wrong. So in other words Rita would think philosophically about life. She was reluctant to be in the position and lifestyle she was in. Therefore we understand that she had the definite potential to become what she wanted, to find her play in life. Despite these rattling questions inside her head, she didnt believe she was capable of breaking out of her current situation. And so shed hide away her eeling by telling herself lifes great or by going out shopping to take her mind off things. It was these things that kept Rita going, they stopped her putting life into perspective. Towards the end of the play Frank seems to have had enough. With himself, with Ritas ever growing education, and with his routine life. His drinking habit has reached its climax, and Rita cant bear him any longer. Rita appreciates what hes done for her, although she doesnt like his constant self pitying and the way he seems to exploit his god given gift. At the beginning he liked Rita because she was fresh, now shes educated like ll his other students and he doesnt like that. Rita accuses Frank of taking for granted the things in which she has worked so hard for. Its little to you who squanders every opportunity and mocks and takes for granted. But of course for Frank every lesson was simply an escape, and now Rita has changed into the very person she destined to be. And Frank has been stripped of that luxury weekly lesson. What seems more interesting is that Frank has come away with nothing and Rita has come away with an education. The irony here is that Rita is the only one who really understands and has insight into Franks character. He is just unaware of how he squanders every opportunity and mocks and takes for granted. All the way through this scene Frank is drunk, and so we assume the insults which toll of his tongue are spontaneous and perhaps a little rash. I think hes just annoyed that she is such a changed character. He was so found of the fresh an innocent woman who first walked through his door. She stimulated him, made him look forward to the next lesson. His life was definitely much better when Rita was around, and he depended on her for company and perhaps arousal. At this point in the play Rita just doesnt understand why Frank is acting the ay he is. She doesnt know how he relied on her for certain things, those things which he couldnt find anywhere else. Another speech by Frank which is so cleverly written by Willy Russell and is most certainly for me a very moving part of the play. Comes after the accusation by Rita when Frank says. Found a culture have you, Rita? Found a better song to sing have you? No-youve found a different song, thats all-and on your lips its shrill and hollow and tuneless. Frank is absolutely right in what hes saying. The fact that Rita is now educated doesnt mean she has found a better song to sing at all. She has just most definitely found a different song. For some people, like Rita, who are brought up on a poor inner city estate. The life which Frank is living will most certainly be seen as better. But for people like Frank, well off intelligent people, who come from the same descriptive background, they may well, as Frank is, be in admiration for the lifestyle in which Rita came from. The final point in which I am going to talk about, brings us to the lesson after Rita has been to Franks party, but couldnt bring herself round to going inside. She walks into Franks office and we get the impression shes very fed up with erself. She feels as though shes the odd one out. Well you wouldnt take sweet sparkling wine, would y? She starts to make excuses and tells him that she brought the wrong wine. We can sense very clearly Ritas frustration. Additionally we know that Rita felt very uncomfortable around Franks other guests, the well educated guests wearing the correct attire. She clearly feels she cant fit in and we again see the contrast in social background. She says, But I dont want to be myself. Me? Whats me? Some stupid little woman who gives us all a laugh because she thinks she can learn, because she hinks that one day shell be like the rest of them, talking seriously, confidently, with knowledge, livin a civilized life. The above quote reveals many things about Rita, fairly early on in the play. Rita is feeling down after seeing the contrast in characters between her and Franks other guests. She perhaps feels as though shes fighting a lost cause in life. Frank tells her to be herself although this is the exact opposite person Rita wants to be. Shes becoming educated in order to change who she is. However this reinforces how Frank just wants Rita as she is, and cant understand the eed for her to change. This point of Frank being perhaps unaware of how Rita is changing, is brought up many times throughout the play. Which tells us that perhaps theres a hint of dramatic irony in that he just doesnt catch on. And towards the end Rita changes and leaves Frank behind. To dwell on where it all changed so suddenly without him realising. So we can finally appreciate the both sides of a very cleverly and wittily written play. Willy Russell tells almost two stories in unison, and the audience can digest both of them, with utter intrigue and admiration.

Problems Due to the Mechanism Placed by the Americans During the Research Paper

Problems Due to the Mechanism Placed by the Americans During the Germans Migration - Research Paper Example The German part of American history is more than a part; it is embodied in the fabric of America. They help to make America clearer and at the same time more baffling to critics who think they stand outside of the frame, just as the interactions between German immigrants and their descendants with the larger population that surrounded them made the ideal notions that Germans brought with them less recognition. The Germans faced a serious problem of unemployment. Most of the immigrants were unemployed and lived a low-quality life. The attribute for this menace rose because of the social perceptions of the Americans and racial aspects they portrayed towards the Germans. The language barrier was another contributing factor to this problem. During this time, there was the presence of graft and corruption. This led to a biased system, which saw the American citizen favoured and the German Immigrant oppressed. The right given to the Germans a chance to vote with them created an ideal notio n of what was possible in the United States and but soon became part of the mainstream political ideology. Third-party politics, the ascendancy of local issues, and the inertia of German American voters all would move in the direction of appealing to ethnic identity and cultural preservation. Conflicting interests, shifting goals, and practical possibilities were seen as the real world of American politics. A real continuum between the liberal Americans in Chicago and German working-class radicalism describes a process of integration that moved through a few steps in improving their relationship.

Effective pedagogic principles in primary teaching today Essay

Effective pedagogic principles in primary teaching today - Essay Example During the development of academic content for students of the English language, teachers should check that they establish standards for the content to be covered by the syllabus. Apart from doing that, it is primarily important for teachers to employ all the means available to them, to increase the accessibility of the given content among the students (Garinger, 2002). In a similar way, the teacher should guarantee that the language used for teaching should be culturally relevant and authentic. The research done in this field shows that the textbooks used for teaching the English language should be suitable to the varied needs of the students to be taught using the specialised teaching materials. The extensive research done in this area shows that the textbooks used for teaching students should be varied, progressive, and challenging (Garinger, 2002). The materials used for teaching English should offer learners the opportunity to use language in an integrated manner, and more importantly, the different materials should be connected to one another, so as to allow for the progression of skills in language (Howard and major, 2005). The selection of the materials incorporated into the teaching of English should take into account, the varied cultural backgrounds of the learners, and incorporate the use of culturally relevant literature. The materials used should incorporate a wide range of texts related to different themes, and the activities should foster the language acquisition of the students. In order to help students to understand important concepts, the literature should incorporate a variety of visual representations, including charts, diagrams, pictures and concept maps; visual aids help to make language and content more accessible to students.

Compare and contrast the colonization of Sahul and the colonization of Essay

Compare and contrast the colonization of Sahul and the colonization of the New World. Consider how people might have gotten to each continent, and evidence for Pleistocene overkill in each situation - Essay Example Homo Sapiens are believed to have undertaken their migration from their origins in Africa from about 50,000 years ago (O’Connella & Allen 2004). These late Pleistocene migrations coincided with the end of the earth’s most recent period of glaciations (Ice Ages). The accumulation of vast amounts of ice in the glaciers resulted in punctuated drops in the sea level of up to 100m allowing easier access to the previously uninhabited continents. When the Homo Sapiens left Africa they are believed to have migrated east toward India and then south east along the coast of Asia until they reached Australia between 45,000 to 42,000 years ago (O’Connella & Allen 2004). At that time, due to the much lower sea level, most of martime Southeast Asia formed one land mass – known as the lost continent of Sunda. Following the coastal route southeast they would have reached the channel between Sunda and Sahul (present day Australia and New Guinea). This channel, between the Sahul and Sunda (known as the Wallace Line) must have been traversed by the technologically more advanced Homo Sapiens whereas the earlier Homo Erectus never traversed it (O’Connella & Allen 2004). It is presumed that they used rafts of some sort to traverse the channel. The close chronological coincidence of the arrival of humans capable of hunting megafauna and the Pleistocene mass extinction around 40,000 years ago in the Sahul lends support to the hypothesis that humans were in some way a causal factor. These megafauna, having evolved in the absence of human predation are thought to have been particularly vulnerable to the arrival of humans in the form of Homo Sapiens. The Megafauna had few other predators and because they evolved largely without significant predators. Models of migration to the New World are more divided. The reliable evidence currently available suggests a north western migration of

MEMO REPORT(WAGE NEGOTIATIONS Incident Decision) Assignment

MEMO REPORT(WAGE NEGOTIATIONS Incident Decision) - Assignment Example The union has made it clear that if their demands are not met the employees will go on strike. The firm should avoid the strike scenario under all consequences. The proposed solution avoids the risk of a work stoppage caused by a worker’s strike. The optimal solution for the company is to settle with the union in order to resolve the incident. The negotiator send to talk will admit that the employees deserve a raise. The negotiator will explain to the union representatives that the increase in production of the company came due to a variety of factors including better equipment, optimal use of technology, and mastering the learning curve. The human factor also contributed directly to the increment in production. The firm will open its books to show the union that the company cannot afford such a high increment in salary. The proposed solution is to offer the employees an increase of $400 per

Management Information and Communication Systems (MICS Essay

Management Information and Communication Systems (MICS - Essay Example This report presents a detailed analysis of the idea â€Å"outsourcing†. This report will discuss the outsourcing working paradigm and its use for the information systems. This research provides discussion on the impacts of the outsourcing the information systems on the organization’s performance. This research will also discuss various advantages and disadvantages of information systems outsourcing. This report also discusses potential issues that can cause failure of IT outsourcing. The corporations can develop and maintain information systems internally or in-house by utilizing their own resources (technology and staff) or outsource it, which means they hire an outside firm for developing and maintaining their information systems for them. Additionally, outsourcing allows corporations to pay more attention on their inside business activities alongside allowing other firm having additional expertise and resources to carry out some portion of their business information system management activities. However, several companies outsource only the information system development component of their IT activities. On the other hand, others outsource more or every part of their IT activities. The reason of doing this is to survive and remain competitive in this age of constantly transforming information technology (Shelly, et al., 2005, p. 638; Dibbern, et al., 2004; Goles & Chin, 2005). However, all this depends on a corporation’s requirements, as well as outsid e firms can fulfill as much or as little of the IT requirements as indispensable or desired. In addition, external firms offer a variety of services including information system development and maintenance, web design and development, customer service, web hosting, billing, sales, marketing, and officially allowed support, for instance, an internet solutions provider is a firm, which offers web hosting services such as

Summary and critical analysis of journal article Essay

Summary and critical analysis of journal article - Essay Example The tourists have direct contact with the tourist Guide .The tourist Guides assures those who hesitate to walk on the grave could always avoid it. In Savannah the dead were buried beyond the city limits, there the tour begins, the tourists have got chance to know about the dead people; Halloween company is good for ghost walk tour. In Savannah they have created different type of tourism where people come know the economy, geography and sociological importance." As different tourist attractions and cities increasingly compete with each other to attract tourists, the need to present the tourists with more spectacular, exotic, and titillating attractions increases."(Gotham 2002, 1737) Savannah has invested heavily into ghost tourism development and the use of murder, tragedy, and mystery as marketing tools. Ghost walk tours are an increasingly popular alternative to traditional tourism activities. These tourists companies appoint guides who take them by walk through sections of a city, telling stories of supernatural and macabre events believed to have occurred at sites along the way. According to internet information there are hundreds of tour are available both in urban and rural settings of the United States and in a variety of countries. "The Dark Tourism" with the new title doing very good business tourism where they are able to attract many people taking them to cemeteries, prisons, roman catacombs, castle dungeons, battlefields, sites of assassination, and museums that focus as the Holocaust(miles 2002; Ingles and Holmes 2003; strange and Kemp 2003).The tourists able to find out tragic aspect of history. Ghost walk tours offers firstly, it is different from the normal tourism; here the tourists have entertainment, fun and education. The tragedies are presented in a light hearted manner. Secondly it is geographically dynamic where wide number of people participates in performances without any differences culturally socially.According to Tuan Walking through the place involves sensory interaction with a location, helping to develop a more complete sense of place. It gives better experience than going by bus or car travel alone. One can explore the ever- changing nature of the urban landscape, street scene and liste ning to another's narrative. There are two type of tourism one is Enclave and heterogeneous. The former gives less space and time, it influence tourist performances through signs, imagery, rules, and actions of destination employees, locals and other tourists. In this tourists might want to explore the dark side of the tour (unseen) which is not

MEMO REPORT(WAGE NEGOTIATIONS Incident Decision) Assignment

MEMO REPORT(WAGE NEGOTIATIONS Incident Decision) - Assignment Example The union has made it clear that if their demands are not met the employees will go on strike. The firm should avoid the strike scenario under all consequences. The proposed solution avoids the risk of a work stoppage caused by a worker’s strike. The optimal solution for the company is to settle with the union in order to resolve the incident. The negotiator send to talk will admit that the employees deserve a raise. The negotiator will explain to the union representatives that the increase in production of the company came due to a variety of factors including better equipment, optimal use of technology, and mastering the learning curve. The human factor also contributed directly to the increment in production. The firm will open its books to show the union that the company cannot afford such a high increment in salary. The proposed solution is to offer the employees an increase of $400 per

Summary and critical analysis of journal article Essay

Summary and critical analysis of journal article - Essay Example The tourists have direct contact with the tourist Guide .The tourist Guides assures those who hesitate to walk on the grave could always avoid it. In Savannah the dead were buried beyond the city limits, there the tour begins, the tourists have got chance to know about the dead people; Halloween company is good for ghost walk tour. In Savannah they have created different type of tourism where people come know the economy, geography and sociological importance." As different tourist attractions and cities increasingly compete with each other to attract tourists, the need to present the tourists with more spectacular, exotic, and titillating attractions increases."(Gotham 2002, 1737) Savannah has invested heavily into ghost tourism development and the use of murder, tragedy, and mystery as marketing tools. Ghost walk tours are an increasingly popular alternative to traditional tourism activities. These tourists companies appoint guides who take them by walk through sections of a city, telling stories of supernatural and macabre events believed to have occurred at sites along the way. According to internet information there are hundreds of tour are available both in urban and rural settings of the United States and in a variety of countries. "The Dark Tourism" with the new title doing very good business tourism where they are able to attract many people taking them to cemeteries, prisons, roman catacombs, castle dungeons, battlefields, sites of assassination, and museums that focus as the Holocaust(miles 2002; Ingles and Holmes 2003; strange and Kemp 2003).The tourists able to find out tragic aspect of history. Ghost walk tours offers firstly, it is different from the normal tourism; here the tourists have entertainment, fun and education. The tragedies are presented in a light hearted manner. Secondly it is geographically dynamic where wide number of people participates in performances without any differences culturally socially.According to Tuan Walking through the place involves sensory interaction with a location, helping to develop a more complete sense of place. It gives better experience than going by bus or car travel alone. One can explore the ever- changing nature of the urban landscape, street scene and liste ning to another's narrative. There are two type of tourism one is Enclave and heterogeneous. The former gives less space and time, it influence tourist performances through signs, imagery, rules, and actions of destination employees, locals and other tourists. In this tourists might want to explore the dark side of the tour (unseen) which is not

Hamlet cigar Essay Example for Free

Hamlet cigar Essay The well known brand for cigars Hamlet is produced by Japanese Company. It was initially launched in the year 1964 in United Kingdoms. Their tagline spread a little happiness is well described in their art work. Art Work for Hamlet Cigar Art work for Hamlet Miniature Cigar’s urinal advertisement is very interesting. It has the background of a men’s washroom. A tall man’s back is placed on the extreme left who is urinating, while in the 80% of the remaining art work three vertically challenged people are standing. Being short heighten they can’t reach up to pee in the urinal. One standing in the right has his knees bent and the one standing in left has his knees crossed. They both have flinching expressions on their faces and they holding their stomach. Where as the third vertically challenged person standing in the middle looks content and is smoking and offering Hamlet Cigar from the packet to the person standing left to him. Though his legs are a little bent too which mean he also wants to take a leak but his expression are very cool and calm. The moral of the advertisement is Hamlet Miniatures Cigar can satisfy you even in the dire of situations. Top right of the green tiled bathroom wall has cigar’s cover pasted. Their tagline ‘Spread a little happiness’ is placed right next to hamlet miniature cigar cover. The fonts are big and in white making it prominent on green background due to the color contrast. This advertisement received 19 complaints. It was considered offensive and vulgar. It was more of a mockery to short people. The company in its defense claimed that it was portray of problems these people face in their daily lives (BBC, 2002). Never the less, the art work conveys the message very clearly to its target audiences.

Impacts of Climate Change on Womens Rights

Impacts of Climate Change on Womens Rights Impacts of Climate Change on Women’s Human Rights: Bangladesh perspective 1. Introduction At present, the consequences of climate change including increased temperature, increased sea level, excess precipitation, droughts, biodiversity loss, natural disasters and reduced food production threaten human rights and social justice. These consequences have brought more adversely impacts on low-income countries, which have produced less greenhouse gases. In particular, some vulnerable groups such as women are more vulnerable to climate change because they have weaker ability to address the challenge of climate change. As one of the least-developed countries in the world, Bangladesh faces the enormous challenges of the global climate change. Women in Bangladesh have been seriously affected by the climate change, with their human rights under great threat. This essay will analyze how climate change affects the human rights of Bangladeshi women and find potential pathways to tackle these problems. It will achieve this by firstly giving definitions and basic analyses about climate change and human rights. Following this it will look at how Bangladeshi women’s rights to life, health and education were affected by climate change. Finally, it will seek to give effective advice for better response to these impacts. 2. Climate Change and Human Rights 2.1 Climate Change There are two major definitions of climate change that are widely used. The two different definitions are presented by Framework Convention on Climate Change (FCCC), and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). According to FCCC(1992) as cited by Pielke (2004), FCCC that focused on international policy, described climate change as â€Å"a change of climate that is attributed directly or indirectly to human activity, that alters the composition of the global atmosphere, and that is in addition to natural climate variability over comparable time periods†. On the other hand, IPCC that focused on scientific assessments defined climate change as â€Å"a change in the state of the climate that can be identified (e.g., by using statistical tests) by changes in the mean and/or the variability of its properties, and that persists for an extended period, typically decades or longer†(Qin, Stocker & IPCC, 2013 : p123-125). It is clear that IPCC give climate change a br oader definition than FCCC. On the ground of FCCC definition, the reduction of vulnerability cannot be realized except though greenhouse gas emissions. But according to IPCC definition, there are some measures including adaption policies effective to address ecological or societal vulnerability brought by climate change. In this paper, both of this will be taken into consider. 2.2 Human Rights Facts and studies have shown that climate change poses a great challenge to human rights issues. Human rights are the inherent rights of every individual, regardless of our nationality, place of residence, sex, ethnicity, religion, language or any other status (Ariella Azoulay,2015). As United Nations (n.d.) have noted, â€Å"human rights included the right to life and liberty, freedom from slavery and torture, freedom of opinion and expression, the right to work and education, and many more†. It is worth mentioning that the concept of human rights does not remain at the theoretical level, but is described and protected by International human rights law (IHRL) and some national laws. For example, in Britain the Human Rights Act 1998 was introduced to protect human rights. As womens human rights are gaining increasing attention in the context of advocating gender equality, some research and related institutions begin to focus on the impact of climate change on womens human rights and do some work to help local women in the climatic vulnerable areas. 3. Climate Change’s Effects on Women’s Human Rights in Bangladesh Bangladesh is one of the countries most likely to suffer adverse impacts from climate change. This is mainly influenced by two factors, one of which is its special geographical location and the other is its social and economic underdevelopment. The total land area in Bangladesh is 147,570 square kilometers, including 80% of the floodplains. As a result, during the rainy season, most parts of the country (except the Northwest Highlands) are prone to flooding. Saleemul Huqï ¼Ë†2001ï ¼â€°compared Bangladesh with the Netherlands, indicating that geographical location is not the only reason why Bangladesh is affected by severe climate change. Bangladesh and the Netherlands are both low-lying deltaic countries, but the Netherlands possesses enough financial and scientific capacity to build higher seawalls for protecting its citizens against natural disasters, but Bangladesh cannot. 3.1 Effect of Climate Change on the Right to Life Climate change has caused frequent natural disasters in Bangladesh. Gender issues have always been a marginalized topic in the context of climate change, but we can still find some gender-related data in related climate change studies. Women are less able to escape from natural disasters. For example, during the 1991 Bangladesh Cyclone, the mortality rate of women was five times higher than that of men among the 20-44 age group(UNEP,2005). The reasons why there was a such difference are as follows. First, there is an imbalance of information between men and women in Bangladesh. Men can communicate with each other in public places for access to information, while women are mostly at home, unable to obtain timely and useful warning messages. Secondly, most Bangladeshi women lack the skills to swim or climb trees, and their dresses are not conducive to their escape from the disaster. In addition, it is more difficult for women to get rescuing resources to deal with damage and loss from extreme weather events because of the long-standing social bias. In other words, the gender inequality in Bangladesh society contributes to the vulnerability of local women. 3.2 Effect of Climate Change on the Right to health As a result of climate change, womens work has become even more dangerous and difficult in the society of Bangladesh. In most poor communities, getting drinking water for their families is the responsibility for women, just as Bangladesh. Climate change causes problems of drought and salinization of water in Bangladesh (Aguilar Revelo, 2009). Women in families have to walk a long distance to obtain water resources, which consumes a large amount of their time and leads to high risks of injury and even death in the process. Climate change have driven child marriage risks in Bangladesh, with women’s right to health damaged. Natural disasters such as floods and droughts aroused by climate change have made thousands of people become displaced and lose their financial sources (e.g. crops). In this â€Å"hopeless† situation,   many parents have to marry their young daughters off. Girls Not Brides (2017) noted that Bangladesh already had one of highest rates of child marriage in the world at 52%. Around 30% of girls in Bangladesh are married before their 15th birthday. Early marriages make these girls more vulnerable to domestic violence, and pregnancy at a young age is harmful for women’s health. 3.3 Effect of Climate Change on the Right to Education High temperatures, droughts and floods have made farmers in rural areas lose their land, crops and livestock, then these people have to migrate from villages to the so-called â€Å"climate change refuges†in Dhaka. Education is free in rural Bangladesh, while it is not free in Dhaka   (Jabeen,2014).   In the face of high tuition fees and living costs, parents choose to let the girls give up education. Gender bias in Bangladesh society also contributes to the choice. Families often prefer to give boys the limited educational opportunities and the girls should make an effort for boys. Also, gathering water and producing crops become increasingly difficult due to extreme weather in Bangladesh so that girls have to stay at home to share the housework. It becomes more and more difficult for local women to participate in decision-making process of climate change policy and measures due to lack of education. As a result, many policies and measures for dealing with climate change are formulated almost entirely by men and can not accurately satisfy the demands of women. 4. Possible Solutions Protecting women’s human rights from climate change needs transboundary cooperation including international institutions, local government, NGOs. There are some suggestions to address the issue and to improve women’s human rights in the context of the climate change in Bangladesh. First, women’s empowerment in the decision-making process is of vital importance. Actually, this concept has been clearly stated in some policies or agreements, but it still faces many challenges in its practical application. For example,â€Å"The Paris Agreement†explicitly requires that gender equality and womens empowerment should be taken into account in addressing climate change, and gender differences should be considered in actions and capacity building to address climate change(Guiot,2016). However, in poor countries, womens empowerment is not easy to realize in practice because of social prejudices and the low educational level of women. For better empowerment, local governments should provide education subsidies or free education for these climate refugees. Relevant policies should be introduced to demand that all children including girls receive basic education. Compulsory education gives girls more employment opportunities and enables them to participate in the stages of social decision-making, making their voices heard in the area of addressing climate change issue. Moreover, womens education optimizes the demographic structure andthus has a positive impact on climate change. This creates a virtuous circle. Secondly, the infrastructure should be improved. As mentioned earlier, water is greatly affected by climate change, and womens access to water becomes more difficult and vulnerable. It seems impossible to change this culture in Bangladesh that women should get water for their families, but infrastructure projects can be implemented in local area to help them get watereasier. For example, local governments, corporations or international organizations can invest money and technology to establish water factories to enable local residents to use clean tap water directly. In addition, construction of the roads and schools in local villages can also reduce the time and distance to go to school. As a result, the way of getting water becomes safe and women can have more time for education. Finally, womens access to early warning information and the basic skills to deal with disasters should be improved. For example, the local government and other non-governmental organizations can provide local women with free disaster-resistant training. Considering the low-level education of local women, training materials should be designed easy to understand. And a special information transmission team including female should be set up to timely transmit important information to women groups and reflect the demands of women. 5. Conclusion Women in Bangladesh is one of the most vulnerable groups when it comes to the impact of climate change. With the impact of climate change, women not only need to spend more time in domestic work, but also becomes more vulnerable in the process. Climate change has aggravated the problem of poverty, leading to the emergence of dropouts and child marriages. In fact, women’s rights to life, health and education have been adversely affected by climate change. Fortunately, more and more agencies and researchers have been aware of this issue and done some related research. These research outcomes have been gradually affecting the governments policies about climate change. However, increasing the human rights of women in Bangladesh will require more efforts from multiple agencies. The essay also provides some possible ways in practice to deal with the problem, including women’s empowerment in decision-making process, constructing tap water factories, improving local roads, disaster prevention training for women. 6. References [1] Qin D, Stocker T. & Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Working Group I. (2013) Climate change 2013: the physical science basis, p123-125. [2] Pielke, R.A.(2004) What is Climate Change? Energy & Environment. 15 (3), 515-520. [3] Ariella Azoulay. (2015) What Are Human Rights? Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East. 35 (1), 8-20. Available: http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/1089201X-2876056 [Accessed Nov.3th 2017]. [4] United nations. (n.d.) Human Rights. Available: http://www.un.org/en/sections/issues-depth/human-rights [Accessed Nov.4th 2017]. [5] Saleemul, Huq. (2001) Climate Change and Bangladesh. Science (New York, N.Y.), 294(5547), p.1617. [6] United Nations Environment Programme. (2005) Mainstreaming Gender in Environmental Assessment and Early Warning. Available: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11822/8559[Accessed Nov.4th 2017]. [7] Aguilar Revelo, L. (2009) Training Manual On Gender and Climate Change. Gland, Switzerland, IUCN, pp.120-122. [8] Girls Not Brides.(2016) How Is Climate Change Driving Child Marriage? Available: https://www.girlsnotbrides.org/hidden-connections-climate-change-child-marriage-bangladesh/[Accessed Nov.5th 2017] [9] Jabeen, H. (2014) Adapting the built environment: the role of gender in shaping vulnerability and resilience to climate extremes in Dhaka. Environment & Urbanization. 26 (1), 147-165. [10] Guiot, J. & Cramer, W. (2016) Climate change: The 2015 Paris Agreement thresholds and Mediterranean basin ecosystems. Science. 354 (6311), 465-468.

The Mafia: Wealth and Politics in the 1920 Essay -- Essays Papers

The Mafia: Wealth and Politics in the 1920 MAFIA - "a secret association having for its object the illicit control of any enterprise, legitimate or illegitimate, which it decides to infiltrate" (Allen 6). The decade of the 1920s was full of deception, corruption, and degeneration. The very embodiment of these qualities was the institution of the Italian-American Mafia. The syndicate began in Sicily and spread to encompass United States politics and the national economy. The post war era left the nation in a recession and vulnerable to organized crime. Changes in the country's attitudes and outlooks on the future paved the way for organized crime on a large scale. People were too preoccupied with bootleg booze, sexual promiscuity, and get-rich-quick schemes to notice the downward spiral of the government's respectability and integrity. The decadence of the decade and the feel good mentality of America's youth provided opportunities the industrious underworld leaders sought in order to gain control of the syndicate. The Mafia supplied America with the vices it longed for and in return America let the Mafia get away with murder. Not only did the syndicate accumulate power but a lso profited financially through prostitution, gambling, and bootlegging. These activities were the foundations of the Outfit's financial and political empires. Mafia power soon began to eclipse the authority of the law enforcement agencies, and the struggle between responsibility and autonomy began. Governmental corruption was a standard practice in the 1920s. In reference to a question on the underworld's power Don Calo, a Mafia chief replied, â€Å"†¦ between the law and the Mafia, the former is not the most to be feared† (... ...h (Allen 14). Many informants are willing to testify to a specific incident but not to the entirety. Their fear of retribution from the Outfit is much greater than their fear of the government. Even today, the only thing known with any degree of certainty is that the influence of the Mafia did not end with the 1920s. Works Cited - Allen, Edward J. Merchants of Menace-The Mafia: A Study of Organized Crime Springfield, Ill: Thomas, 1962. - Bequai, August. Organized Crime Washington: Library of Congress, 1979. - â€Å"Charles ‘Lucky’ Luciano.† http://www.well.com/user/mod79/gangsters/luciano.html (3-25-98). - â€Å"Contempt of Court.† Alphonse Capone, aka. Al, Scarface. http://www.fbi.gov/famcases/capone.htm (3-27-98). - Gardiner, John A. The Politics of Corruption New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 1970.

Finding Freedom with a Dodge Truck and Love with a Zales Diamond Essay

Finding Freedom with a Dodge Truck and Love with a Zales Diamond Television commercials, although usually ignored and generally disliked by the public, are more influential than most people think. Their concepts are subconsciously absorbed and whether or not viewers realize it, they leave an impact on their minds. Marie Winn quotes an English instructor in her essay, â€Å"Television Addiction,† as saying ‘I find television almost irresistible. When the set is on, I cannot ignore it. I can’t turn it off’ (506). Advertisers know that people become addicted to television shows and because of this, they are forced to watch the commercials as well. These repetitious commercials get the consumers influenced by what they see. For example, Dodge promoters use a ram as their mascot which is reflected in their motto â€Å"Grab Life by the Horns,† and it is shown at the end of all their commercials. They want you to seize the freedom in life that you have while making a Dodge car a part of it. Another example of an abstrac t idea promoted in a commercial is the Zales diamond advertisement where a man expresses his love for his girlfriend by not only unrestrainedly shouting it out loudly, but also by presenting her with a beautiful diamond ring. While these commercials induce people to buy their products, they also evoke certain emotions, more specifically the ideas of freedom and love. Dave Barry states in his essay, â€Å"Red, White, and Beer,† â€Å"Lately I’ve been feeling very patriotic, especially during commercials† (519). So, commercials have the power to make consumers feel particular emotions. For instance, the Dodge car promoters use an outdoor setting in their commercial to advertise their trucks. The area is a vast, wide open plain with no... ...tisement for it, because of its visual representation. In conclusion, advertisers have the job of not only tempting viewers to buy a product, but also the power to make them feel emotions through visually showing different situations. â€Å"Dodge† wants you to break away from the norm and embrace freedom while â€Å"Zales† encourages spontaneity in love. In order to fulfill these emotions, the viewers are induced to purchase the product, therefore accomplishing the task of the advertisers. Works Cited Barry, Dave â€Å"Red, White, and Beer† The McGraw-Hill Reader 8th ed. Ed. Gilbert H. Muller New York: McGraw Hill, 2003, 519-521 Dove, Rita â€Å"Loose Ends† The McGraw-Hill Reader 8th ed. Ed. Gilbert H. Muller New York: McGraw Hill, 2003, 503-505 Winn, Marie â€Å"Television Addiction† The McGraw-Hill Reader 8th ed. Ed. Gilbert H. Muller New York: McGraw Hill, 2003, 505-507

Louis Vuitton – Japan

Executive Summary: Louis Vuitton, a pioneer in luxury market has Japan a key market with largest revenue generator during its golden period. Due to adverse consequences of global recession, the slowdown was also faced by Louis Vuitton. In order to regain its fame, Louis Vuitton needs to change its manufacturing strategy and the production strategy. Goal: To reinvent and regain the cachet, Louis Vuitton needs to increase and attain the largest market share in five years. Louis Vuitton offers a wide range of luxury brands and was a trend setter in Japan. One of the key components which drive this goal strategy is the overall market growth. Although luxury market growth rate has reduced due to the global financial crisis, the Japanese luxury market growth rate was still at six percent. Also, the customers has been shifting to low price segment, the Japanese way of consuming luxury brands was a kind of social value that they cannot afford to lose. Impediment: The global financial crisis affects the consumer mind set and the behavior. The first and the most important key impediment which proves to the major obstacle in achieving the goal is high priced products offered by Louis Vuitton that could easily be attacked by other competitors. The various other companies offer the luxury products at competitive price as compare to Louis Vuitton have shaken the market share. Moreover, the product line offered by Louis Vuitton is limited and monotonous from past few years which made less impact on the consumers. Louis Vuitton was growing its strategy towards mid size and smaller cities but no attempt was made to promote the brand in these cities. Solution: In order to revive the company, and to increase the overall market share in Japan, Louis Vuitton needs to change its manufacturing strategy by setting up a manufacturing plant in Japan with some of the French workforce leading the plant. Since Japanese luxury market is one of the leading market egments, this would eventually decrease the import cost and French workforce would help in gaining the customer satisfaction. Moreover, it will also avoid the counterfeiting because the product is manufactured and consumed at the same place. Low scaled promotions could also be advertised during the discount season in mid size cities. Also Jacobs had signed a contract until 2018 and Marc Jacobs’s label was one of the rising stars in LVMH’s portfolio. Jacobs could also bring many other new opportunities to just keep up the brand image an d value.

Curriculum Development Paper

This curriculum paper discusses the normal development that occurs during the Toddlers’ stage of growth. It also discusses some of common respiratory and gastrointestinal diseases and disorders that are present throughout toddlerhood. It emphasizes important information related to the Nursing field. It thoroughly discusses the nursing management involved in the care of normal growth as well as the health deviations seen in toddlers. The target audience is a class of 3rd year nursing students. Pediatric nursing is important branch of nursing that should be tackled by junior level in a Nursing course.Goals/ Learner outcomes of the Lesson The goals of the lesson are for the students to understand the normal growth and development seen in toddlers. They should identify the different health abnormalities affecting toddlers. They should have thorough knowledge about the nature of the disorders discussed. Students should be able to identify the signs and symptoms related in every dis ease/disorder presented. They should enumerate the nursing management and its rationale given to sick toddlers. Learning ObjectivesAt the end of the lesson, the students will be able to understand the nature of Seizures, Cerebral Palsy, Meningitis, Primary Complex, Intestinal Parasitism and Croup. They should be able to describe methods to promote preventive measures against Seizures, Cerebral Palsy, Meningitis, Primary Complex, Intestinal Parasitism and Croup. They should be able to identify different laboratory and diagnostic examinations done for each condition. Students are expected to identify the common presenting clinical manifestation for each condition.And lastly, they should be able to enumerate nursing management done for clients with Seizures, Cerebral Palsy, Meningitis, Primary Complex, Intestinal Parasitism and Croup. Instructional design model, Learner characteristics, Learning theory and other applicable characteristics Instructional design model Dick and Carey Desig n Model. Dick and Carey Model involves all the phases described previously in the ADDIE model, commencing with identification of instructional goals and finishes with summative evaluation. This model is suitable for a variety of context areas including primary and secondary schools as well as business and government.It is also adaptable for a variety of users ranging from movie to expert, as the step by step descriptions aid with progress through the model (Taylor, 2004). Learner Characteristics There are many factors that influence a client’s ability, motivation and desire to learn. Addressing these factors when planning educational interventions is essential, because the effectiveness of the intervention can be at stake. Learner characteristics include, among others, culture/ethnicity, literacy, age, health status, education level, and socioeconomic status (De Young, 2003, p. 59). Learning TheoryCognitive Learning Theory. The key to learning and changing is the individualâ €™s cognition (perception, thought, memory, and ways of processing and structuring information). According to this perspective, to learn, individuals must change their cognitions. A highly active process largely directed by individual, learning involves perceiving the information, interpreting it based on what is already known, and then reorganizing the information into new insights or understanding (Bastable, 2004, p. 50) Content Outline Seizures I. Seizure II. Types of Seizures II. Signs and symptoms of Child with SeizuresIII. Medical management / Pharmacologic management (Nursing considerations) IV. Nursing Management V. Preventive Measures Cerebral Palsy I. Cerebral Palsy II. Signs and symptoms of Child with Cerebral Palsy III. Medical management / Pharmacologic management (Nursing considerations) IV. Nursing Management V. Preventive Measures Meningitis I. Meningitis a. ) Bacterial b. ) Viral II. Signs and symptoms of Child with Meningitis III. Medical management / Pharmacol ogic management (Nursing considerations) IV. Nursing Management V. Preventive Measures Primary Complex I. Primary Complex II.Signs and symptoms of Child with Primary Complex III. Medical management / Pharmacologic management (Nursing considerations) IV. Nursing Management V. Preventive Measures Intestinal Parasitism: I. Nature of Intestinal Parasitism II. Life Cycle of Intestinal Parasites III. Intestinal Parasites: a. ) reservoir b. ) portal of exit from reservoir c. ) method of transmission d. ) Portal of entry e. ) susceptible host IV. Signs and symptoms of Child with Intestinal parasites V. Medical management /Pharmacologic management (Nursing considerations) VI. Nursing Management VII. Preventive Measures CROUPI. Nature of Croup II. Signs and symptoms of Child with Croup III. Medical management / Pharmacologic management (Nursing considerations) IV. Nursing management Instructional Methods Lecture. Lecture can be defined as a highly structured method by which the teacher verbal ly transmits information directly to groups of learners for the purpose of instruction. In its purest form, the lecture format allows for only minimal exchange between the teacher and learner, but it can be an effective method of teaching in the lower-level cognitive domain to impart content knowledge (Bastable, 2004, p. 357)In this type of teaching strategy, the teacher will provide the necessary information about the normal growth and development of toddlers as well as the health deviations common to toddlers. The micro teachers will emphasize the important nursing management involved in caring of sick toddlers Group Discussion. It is a method of teaching whereby learners get together to exchange information, feelings, and opinions with one another and with the teacher. It is one of the most commonly employed instructional techniques. The activity is learner-centered and subject-centered (Bastable, 2004, p. 358).This strategy is incorporated in the lecture. Once in a while, the te acher would be asking questions for the class to discuss. After each video clip of certain illnesses, the class would be asked to give their opinions about what they have watched. They will be asked about certain information that should be remembered in the video clip. Questioning. The use of questioning places learners in an active role. They are asked to recall, to form links between previously isolated information, to analyze statements or beliefs, to evaluate the worth of ideas, and to speculate about what would happen â€Å"if† (De Young, 2003, p.126) This type of strategy will be used as to serve as a recitation for students. This will also serve as a pointing system for them to get rewards and additional credit in their evaluation quiz. Using of audiovisuals (handouts, power point presentation, video clips). If used appropriately, audiovisuals can greatly enhance teaching and can add interest and stimulation to the classroom (De Young, 2003, p. 131). Instructional Mate rials Handouts. The teacher would provide handouts containing important information students can review upon after the class. Power point presentation.Power point presentation is the type of visual aids that will be used; this is for the convenience of both the teachers and students. Students with portable storage devices can acquire the software copy of the report. Video clips. Video clips related to the topics being presented by the micro teachers would be shown to students and they would be asked to give opinions about what they have watched. Evaluation Methods Before the class ends, a 30 item quiz will be given consisting of true-false questions and situational types of questions for analysis and critical thinking using multiple choice.Multiple-Choice Questions. Nursing examinations are often written in the multiple format. There are several reasons for this fact. One is that although they are challenging to create, they are easy to score and can be scored by computer. Another r eason is that licensure and certification examinations are multiple-choice tests, and therefore educators want learners to be familiar with questions like the ones that they will be taking on these exams (De Young, 2003, p. 265). True-False Questions.True-false questions are designed to test a learner’s ability to identify the correctness of statements of fact or principle (De Young, 2003, p. 268). References Bastable, S. B. (2003). Nurse as Educator: Principles of Teaching and Learning for Nursing Practice. Massachusetts: Jones and Bartlett Publishers. De Young, S. (2003). Teaching Strategies for Nurse Educators. New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc. Taylor,L. Educational Theories and Instructional Design Models. Their Place in Simulation. [PDF document]. Retrieved from Lecture Notes Online Web Site: